Severums (Heros spp.) are among the most captivating cichlids in the aquarium hobby. With their graceful movements, vibrant colors, and relatively peaceful demeanor (for cichlids), they’re a rewarding species to keep. However, to help them thrive—not just survive—you need to create an environment that caters to their specific needs. Here’s how to do it right.
Tank Size and Setup
Severums grow large—typically 8 to 10 inches in captivity—so they need space. A minimum tank size of 55 gallons is recommended, but a 75-gallon tank or larger is ideal, especially if you’re planning on keeping more than one or adding tank mates.
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Aquascaping: Mimic their natural habitat (South American rivers) with driftwood, smooth stones, and plenty of open swimming space.
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Substrate: Sand or fine gravel works best.
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Plants: Severums may uproot delicate plants, so opt for hardy, rooted species like Java fern or Anubias attached to rocks or driftwood.
Water Parameters
These fish originate from warm, soft, slightly acidic waters. Maintaining stable water conditions is critical.
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Temperature: 75–82°F (24–28°C)
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pH: 6.0–7.5
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Filtration: A strong, efficient filter is essential, as severums produce a good amount of waste.
Regular water changes (20–30% weekly) help keep water parameters in check and prevent stress-related diseases.
Diet and Nutrition
Severums are omnivorous and benefit from a varied diet:
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Staples: High-quality cichlid pellets or flakes like Xtreme Cichlid Peewee
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Supplements: Blanched vegetables (zucchini, spinach), frozen or live foods (bloodworms, brine shrimp).
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Avoid: Overfeeding and fatty foods like beef heart, which can cause digestive issues
Tank Mates
Though more peaceful than many cichlids, severums can be territorial—especially during breeding. Choose tank mates that are similar in size and temperament.
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Compatible species: Angelfish, silver dollars, larger tetras, rainbowfish, and some peaceful catfish (like Corydoras or Plecos)
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Avoid: Aggressive or fin-nipping species, and very small fish that could be seen as food
Behavior and Social Structure
Severums are intelligent and interactive. They recognize their keepers and can become quite bold during feeding time. They can be kept singly, in pairs, or small groups—but watch for aggression and establish a hierarchy early on.
Breeding pairs can become territorial, so if spawning behavior starts, consider a separate breeding tank or visual barriers in the main tank.
Common Health Concerns
Like most cichlids, severums are susceptible to:
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Ich (white spot disease)
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Hole-in-the-head disease (HITH)
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Bacterial infections
Prevention is easier than cure: maintain water quality, feed a balanced diet, and avoid introducing pathogens via new fish or contaminated equipment.
